The Buddha was born in 623 B.C. in a country called Kapilavatthu in Nepal. Born in the noble Sakya clan, he was named Siddhattha Gotama.
As a prince of the country, he did not have to face the unsatisfactoriness and sufferings encountered by the common folks.
He married his cousin Princess Yasodhara, who bore him a son by the name of Rahula. Life was good and without worries.
However, things changed after Prince Siddhattha took a private visit out of the palace and saw the four sights of Sickness, Old Age, Death and a holy man. That prompted him to renounce his comfortable life to seek out the truth in order to end the sufferings of common people.
At the age of 29, he left his palace quietly in search of the truth. He had studied under ascetic teachers, and tried various methods of self-mortification, but to no avail.
He learnt later that extremes (of indulgence versus torture) are not going to work out. After searching for 6 years, one day, he sought shelter under a tree, and through intense meditation that he finally attained Enlightenment, and sees things as they really are.
Henceforth, he is known as the Buddha. The tree under which the Buddha gained Enlightenment has since been known as the Bodhi Tree.
The story did not stop here. Out of his compassion for all beings, he set off to expound the Truth (the Dhamma) that he had newly realized.
Gradually, a pool of disciples benefited from his teachings after comprehending his teachings. The organization of the Buddha's disciples had come to be known as the Sangha.
The Buddha and his disciples travelled vast areas (on foot) throughout Nepal and India to expound the Dhamma, helping lots of suffering people along the way.
His relentless effort lasted for 45 years. The Buddha passed into Parinibbana (or passed away in simplified layman's term) at the ripe old age of 80.
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